Constitution

SC051336 version 24Aug2021

 

CONSTITUTION

of

EAST NEUK OF FIFE PRESERVATION SOCIETY [SCIO]

 

CONTENTS
GENERAL	type of organisation, Scottish principal office, name, purposes, powers, liability, general structure	clauses 1 - 10
MEMBERS	qualifications for membership, application, subscription, register of members, withdrawal, transfer, re-registration, expulsion, termination	clauses 11 - 23
DECISION-MAKING BY THE MEMBERS	members’ meetings, power to request members’ meeting, notice, procedure at members’ meetings, voting at members’ meetings, written resolutions, minutes	clauses 24 - 58
BOARD (CHARITY TRUSTEES)	number, eligibility, election/ retiral/re-election, termination of office, register of charity trustees, office bearers, powers, general duties, code of conduct	clauses 59 - 88
DECISION-MAKING BY THE CHARITY TRUSTEES	notice, procedure at board meetings, minutes	clauses 89 - 112
ADMINISTRATION	sub-committees, operation of accounts, accounting records and annual accounts	clauses 113 - 121
MISCELLANEOUS	winding up, alterations to the constitution, interpretation	clauses 122 - 127

 

GENERAL

Type of organisation

1. The organisation will, upon registration, be a Scottish Charitable Incorporated Organisation (SCIO).

Scottish principal office

2. The principal office of the organisation will be in Scotland (and must remain in Scotland).

Name

3. The name of the organisation is the East Neuk of Fife Preservation Society [SCIO].

Purposes

4. The organisation’s purposes are:
   
   
   1. to preserve the rich architectural and historical heritage of the burghs, villages and countryside of those parts of the East Neuk comprising the former burghs and parishes of Kilrenny & Cellardyke, Anstruther Easter, Anstruther Wester, Pittenweem, St Monans, Elie & Earlsferry, Kilconquhar, Carnbee, Newburn and Largo & Lundin Links;
      
      
   2. to safeguard and improve the amenities of the area, stimulate pride in local traditions and encourage sensitive and sustainable development.

Powers

5. The organisation has power to do anything which is calculated to further its purposes or is conducive or incidental to doing so.
   
   
6. No part of the income or property of the organisation may be paid or transferred (directly or indirectly) to the members - either in the course of the organisation’s existence or on dissolution - except where this is done in direct furtherance of the organisation’s charitable purposes.

Liability of members

7. The members of the organisation have no liability to pay any sums to help to meet the debts (or other liabilities) of the organisation if it is wound up; accordingly, if the organisation is unable to meet its debts, the members will not be held responsible.
   
   
8. The members and charity trustees have certain legal duties under the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005; and clause 7 does not exclude (or limit) any personal liabilities they might incur if they are in breach of those duties or in breach of other legal obligations or duties that apply to them personally.

General structure

9. The structure of the organisation consists of:-
   
   
   1. the MEMBERS - who have the right to attend members' meetings(including any annual members’ meeting) and have important powers under the constitution; in particular, the members appoint people to serve on the board and take decisions on changes to the constitution itself;
      
      
   2. the BOARD - which has overall responsibility for the charity.
      
      
10. The people serving on the board are referred to in this constitution as CHARITY TRUSTEES.

MEMBERS

Qualifications for membership

11. Membership is open to any individual aged 16 or over who will be supportive of the purposes of the Society.
    
    
12. Employees of the organisation are not eligible for membership.

Application for membership

13. Any person who wishes to become a member must sign a written application for membership and lodge this with the organisation along with a remittance to meet the annual membership subscription; the application will then be considered by the board at the next board meeting.
    
    
14. The board may, at its discretion, refuse to admit any person to membership. If the decision was to refuse admission, the board shall return to the applicant the remittance lodged by them under clause 13.
    
    
15. The board must notify each applicant promptly (in writing or by e-mail) of its decision on whether or not to admit them to membership.

Membership subscription

16. Members shall be required to pay an annual membership subscription; unless and until otherwise determined by the members, the amount of the annual membership subscription shall be £ 20 for an individual and £ 35 for a couple. Life membership shall be available at a cost of £ 300 for an individual and £ 525 for a couple.
    
    
    1. The annual membership subscriptions shall be payable on or before 31st March in each year.
       
       
    2. The members may vary the amount of the annual membership subscription and/or the date on which it falls due in each year and /or the life membership subscription, by way of a resolution to that effect passed at an AGM.
       
       
    3. If the annual membership subscription payable by any member remains outstanding more than 12 weeks after the date on which it fell due - and providing they have been given at least one written reminder - the board may, by resolution to that effect, expel them from membership.
       
       
    4. A person who ceases (for whatever reason) to be a member shall not be entitled to any refund of the membership subscription.

Register of members

17. The board must keep a register of members, setting out
    
    
    1. for each current member:
       
       
       1. their full name and address; and
          
          
       2. the date on which they were registered as a member of the organisation;
          
          
    2. for each former member - for at least six years from the date on which they ceased to be a member:
       
       
       1. their name; and
          
          
       2. the date on which they ceased to be a member.
          
          
18. The board must ensure that the register of members is updated within 28 days of any change:
    
    
    1. which arises from a resolution of the board or a resolution passed by the members of the organisation; or
       
       
    2. which is notified to the organisation.
       
       
19. If a member or charity trustee of the organisation requests a copy of the register of members, the board must ensure that a copy is supplied to them within 28 days, providing the request is reasonable; if the request is made by a member (rather than a charity trustee), the board may provide a copy which has the addresses blanked out.

Withdrawal from membership

20. Any person who wants to withdraw from membership must give a written notice of withdrawal to the organisation, signed by them; they will cease to be a member as from the time when the notice is received by the organisation.

Transfer of membership

21. Membership of the organisation may not be transferred by a member.

Expulsion from membership

22. Any person may be expelled from membership by way of a resolution passed by not less than two thirds of those present and voting at a members' meeting, providing the following procedures have been observed:-
    
    
    1. at least 21 days’ notice of the intention to propose the resolution must be given to the member concerned, specifying the grounds for the proposed expulsion;
       
       
    2. the member concerned will be entitled to be heard on the resolution at the members' meeting at which the resolution is proposed.

Termination

23. Membership of the organisation will terminate on death.

DECISION-MAKING BY THE MEMBERS

Members’ meetings

24. The board must arrange a meeting of members (an annual members’ meeting or "AGM") in each calendar year.
    
    
25. The gap between one AGM and the next must not be longer than 15 months.
    
    
26. Notwithstanding clause 24, an AGM does not need to be held during the calendar year in which the organisation is formed; but the first AGM must still be held within 15 months of the date on which the organisation is formed.
    
    
27. The business of each AGM must include:-
    
    
    1. a report by the chair on the activities of the organisation;
       
       
    2. consideration of the annual accounts of the organisation;
       
       
    3. the election/re-election of charity trustees, as referred to in clauses 64 to 67.
       
       
28. The board may arrange a special members' meeting at any time.

Power to request the board to arrange a special members’ meeting

29. The board must arrange a special members’ meeting if it is requested to do so by a notice (which may take the form of two or more documents in the same terms, each signed by one or more members) by members who amount to 5% or more of the total membership of the organisation at the time, providing:
    
    
    1. the notice states the purposes for which the meeting is to be held; and
       
       
    2. those purposes are not inconsistent with the terms of this constitution, the Charities and Trustee (Investment) Scotland Act 2005 or any other statutory provision.
       
       
30. If the board receive a notice under clause 29, the date for the meeting which they arrange in accordance with the notice must not be later than 28 days from the date on which they received the notice.

Notice of members’ meetings

31. At least 14 clear days’ notice must be given of any AGM or any special members' meeting.
    
    
32. The notice calling a members' meeting must specify in general terms what business is to be dealt with at the meeting; and
    
    
    1. in the case of a resolution to alter the constitution, must set out the exact terms of the proposed alteration(s); or
       
       
    2. in the case of any other resolution falling within clause 53 (requirement for two-thirds majority) must set out the exact terms of the resolution.
       
       
33. The reference to “clear days” in clause 31 shall be taken to mean that, in calculating the period of notice,
    
    
    1. the day after the notices are posted (or sent by e-mail) should be excluded; and
       
       
    2. the day of the meeting itself should also be excluded.
       
       
34. Notice of every members' meeting must be given to all the members of the organisation and to all the charity trustees; but the accidental omission to give notice to one or more members will not invalidate the proceedings at the meeting.
    
    
35. Any notice which requires to be given to a member under this constitution must be: -
    
    
    1. sent by post to the member, at the address last notified by them to the organisation; or
       
       
    2. sent by e-mail to the member, at the e-mail address last notified by them to the organisation.
       
       
36. If members and charity trustees are to be permitted to participate in a members’ meeting by way of audio and/or audio-visual link(s) (see clause 42), the notice (or notes accompanying the notice) must:
    
    
    1. set out details of how to connect and participate via that link or links; and
       
       
    2. (particularly for the benefit of those members who may have difficulties in using a computer or laptop for this purpose) draw members' attention to the following options:
       
       
       1. participating in the meeting via an audio link accessed by phone, using dial-in details (if that forms part of the arrangements);
          
          
       2. (where attendance in person is to be permitted, either on an open basis or with a restriction on the total number who will be permitted to attend) attending and voting in person at the meeting;
          
          
       3. (where clause 37 applies) submitting questions and/or comments in advance of the meeting].
          
          
37. Where a members’ meeting is to involve participation solely via audio and/or audio-visual link(s), the notice (or notes accompanying the notice) must include a statement inviting members to submit questions and/or comments in advance of the meeting, which (subject to clause 38) the chair of the meeting will be expected to read out, and address, in the course of the meeting.
    
    
38. Where clause 37 applies, the chair of a members’ meeting will not require to read out or address any questions or comments submitted by members in advance of the meeting if and to the extent that the questions or comments are of an unreasonable length (individually or taken together), or contain material which is defamatory, racist or otherwise offensive.

Procedure at members’ meetings 

39. The board may if it considers appropriate (and must, if this is required under clause 40) make arrangements for members and charity trustees to participate in members’ meetings by way of audio and/or audio-visual link(s) which allow them to hear and contribute to discussions at the meeting, providing:
    
    
    1. the means by which members and charity trustees can participate via that link or links are not subject to technical complexities, significant costs or other factors which are likely to represent - for all or a significant proportion of the membership - a barrier to participation;
       
       
    2. the notice calling the meeting (or notes accompanying the notice) contains the information required under clause 36; and
       
       
    3. the manner in which the meeting is conducted ensures, so far as reasonably possible, that those members and charity trustees who participate via an audio or audio-visual link are not disadvantaged with regard to their ability to contribute to discussions at the meeting, as compared with those members and charity trustees (if any) who are attending in person (and vice versa).
       
       
40. If restrictions arising from public health legislation or guidance are likely to mean that attendance in person at a proposed members’ meeting would not be possible or advisable for all or a significant proportion of the membership, the board must make arrangements for members and charity trustees to participate in that members’ meeting by way of audio and/or audio-visual link(s) which allow them to hear and contribute to discussions at the meeting; and on the basis that the requirements set out in paragraphs (a) to (c) of clause 39 will apply.
    
    
41. A members’ meeting may involve two or more members or charity trustees participating via attendance in person while other members and/or charity trustees participate via audio and/or audio-visual links; or it may involve participation solely via audio and/or audio-visual links.
    
    
42. The quorum for a members' meeting is one sixth of the membership, present in person.
    
    
43. An individual participating in a members’ meeting via an audio or audio-visual link which allows them to hear and contribute to discussions at the meeting will be deemed to be present in person.
    
    
44. If a quorum is not present within 15 minutes after the time at which a members' meeting was due to start - or if a quorum ceases to be present during a members' meeting - the meeting cannot proceed; and fresh notices of meeting will require to be sent out, to deal with the business (or remaining business) which was intended to be conducted.
    
    
45. The chair of the organisation should act as chair of each members' meeting.
    
    
46. If the chair of the organisation is not present within 15 minutes after the time at which the meeting was due to start (or is not willing to act as chair), the charity trustees present at the meeting must elect (from among themselves) the person who will act as chair of that meeting.

Voting at members’ meetings

47. Every member has one vote, which must be given personally (subject to clause 52).
    
    
48. All decisions at members' meetings will be made by majority vote - with the exception of the types of resolution listed in clause 49.
    
    
49. The following resolutions will be valid only if passed by not less than two thirds of those voting on the resolution at a members’ meeting (or if passed by way of a written resolution under clause 56):
    
    
    1. a resolution amending the constitution;
       
       
    2. a resolution expelling a person from membership under clause 22;
       
       
    3. a resolution directing the board to take any particular step (or directing the board not to take any particular step);
       
       
    4. a resolution approving the amalgamation of the organisation with another SCIO (or approving the constitution of the new SCIO to be constituted as the successor pursuant to that amalgamation);
       
       
    5. a resolution to the effect that all of the organisation’s property, rights and liabilities should be transferred to another SCIO (or agreeing to the transfer from another SCIO of all of its property, rights and liabilities);
       
       
    6. a resolution for the winding up or dissolution of the organisation.
       
       
50. If there is an equal number of votes for and against any resolution, the chair of the meeting will be entitled to a second (casting) vote.
    
    
51. A resolution put to the vote at a members' meeting will be decided on a show of hands - unless the chair (or at least two other members present at the meeting) ask for a secret ballot.
    
    
52. Where members are participating in a meeting via an audio or audio-visual link, they may cast their votes on any resolution orally, or by way of some form of visual indication, or by use of a voting button or similar, or by way of a message sent electronically - and providing the board have no reasonable grounds for suspicion as regards authenticity, any such action shall be deemed to be a vote cast personally via a show of hands.
    
    
53. The chair will decide how any secret ballot is to be conducted, and they will declare the result of the ballot at the meeting.
    
    
54. Where members are participating in a meeting via audio and/or audio-visual links, the chair's directions regarding how a secret ballot is to be conducted may allow those members to cast their votes on the secret ballot via any or all of the methods referred to in clause 52, providing reasonable steps are taken to preserve anonymity (while at the same time, addressing any risk of irregularities in the process).

Technical objections to remote participation in members’ meetings

55. This constitution imposes certain requirements regarding the use of audio and/or audio-visual links as a means of participation and voting at members’ meetings; providing the arrangements made by the board in relation to a given members’ meeting (and the manner in which the meeting is conducted) are consistent with those requirements:
    
    
    1. a member cannot insist on participating in the members’ meeting, or voting at the members’ meeting, by any particular means;
       
       
    2. the members’ meeting need not be held in any particular place;
       
       
    3. the members’ meeting may be held without any particular number of those participating in the meeting being present in person at the same place (but, notwithstanding that, the quorum requirements - taking account of those participating via audio and/or audio-visual links - must still be met);
       
       
    4. the members’ meeting may be held by any means which permits those participating in the meeting to hear and contribute to discussions at the meeting;
       
       
    5. a member will be able to exercise the right to vote at the members’ meeting (including where a secret ballot is to be held) by such means as is determined by the chairperson of the meeting (consistent with the arrangements made by the board) and which permits that member's vote to be taken into account in determining whether or not a resolution is passed.

Written resolutions by members

56. A resolution agreed to in writing (or by e-mail) by all the members will be as valid as if it had been passed at a members’ meeting; the date of the resolution will be taken to be the date on which the last member agreed to it.

Minutes

57. The board must ensure that proper minutes are kept in relation to all members' meetings.
    
    
58. Minutes of members' meetings must include the names of those present; and (so far as possible) should be signed by the chair of the meeting.

BOARD

Number of charity trustees

59. The maximum number of charity trustees is 8; out of that:
    
    
    1. no more than 6 shall be charity trustees who were elected/appointed under clauses 64 and 65 (or deemed to have been appointed under clause 63); and
       
       
    2. no more than 2 shall be charity trustees who were co-opted under the provisions of clauses 68 and 69.
       
       
60. The minimum number of charity trustees is 3.

Eligibility

61. A person shall not be eligible for election/appointment to the board under clauses 64 to 67 unless they are a member of the organisation; a person appointed to the board under clause 68 need not, however, be a member of the organisation.
    
    
62. A person will not be eligible for election or appointment to the board if they are: -
    
    
    1. disqualified from being a charity trustee under the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005; or
       
       
    2. an employee of the organisation.

Initial charity trustees

63. The individuals who signed the charity trustee declaration forms which accompanied the application for incorporation of the organisation shall be deemed to have been appointed by the members as charity trustees with effect from the date of incorporation of the organisation.

Election, retiral, re-election 

64. At each AGM, the members may elect any member (unless they are debarred from membership under clause 62) to be a charity trustee.
    
    
65. The board may at any time appoint any member (unless they are debarred from membership under clause 62) to be a charity trustee.
    
    
66. At each AGM, all of the charity trustees elected/appointed under clauses 64 and 65 (and, in the case of the first AGM, those deemed to have been appointed under clause 63) shall retire from office – but shall then be eligible for re-election under clause 64.
    
    
67. A charity trustee retiring at an AGM will be deemed to have been re-elected unless: -
    
    
    1. they advise the board prior to the conclusion of the AGM that they do not wish to be re-appointed as a charity trustee; or
       
       
    2. an election process was held at the AGM and they were not among those elected/re-elected through that process; or
       
       
    3. a resolution for the re-election of that charity trustee was put to the AGM and was not carried.

Appointment/re-appointment of co-opted charity trustees

68. In addition to their powers under clause 59, the board may at any time appoint any non-member of the organisation to be a charity trustee (subject to clause 59, and providing they are not debarred from membership under clause 62) either on the basis that they have been nominated by a body with which the organisation has close contact in the course of its activities or on the basis that they have specialist experience and/or skills which could be of assistance to the board.
    
    
69. At each AGM, all of the charity trustees appointed under clause 68 shall retire from office – but shall then be eligible for re-appointment under that clause.

Termination of office

70. A charity trustee will automatically cease to hold office if: -
    
    
    1. they become disqualified from being a charity trustee under the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005;
       
       
    2. they become incapable for medical reasons of carrying out their duties as a charity trustee - but only if that has continued (or is expected to continue) for a period of more than six months;
       
       
    3. (in the case of a charity trustee elected/appointed under clauses 64 to 67) they cease to be a member of the organisation;
       
       
    4. they become an employee of the organisation;
       
       
    5. they give the organisation a notice of resignation, signed by them;
       
       
    6. they are absent (without good reason, in the opinion of the board) from more than three consecutive meetings of the board - but only if the board resolves to remove them from office;
       
       
    7. they are removed from office by resolution of the board on the grounds that they are considered to have committed a material breach of the code of conduct for charity trustees (as referred to in clause 87);
       
       
    8. they are removed from office by resolution of the board on the grounds that they are considered to have been in serious or persistent breach of their duties under section 66(1) or (2) of the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005; or
       
       
    9. they are removed from office by a resolution of the members passed at a members’ meeting.
       
       
71. A resolution under paragraph (g), (h) or (i) shall be valid only if: -
    
    
    1. the charity trustee who is the subject of the resolution is given reasonable prior written notice of the grounds upon which the resolution for their removal is to be proposed;
       
       
    2. the charity trustee concerned is given the opportunity to address the meeting at which the resolution is proposed, prior to the resolution being put to the vote; and
       
       
    3. (in the case of a resolution under paragraph (g) or (h)) at least two thirds (to the nearest round number) of the charity trustees then in office vote in favour of the resolution.

Register of charity trustees

72. The board must keep a register of charity trustees, setting out:-
    
    
    1. for each current charity trustee:
       
       
       1. their full name and address;
          
          
       2. the date on which they were appointed as a charity trustee; and
          
          
       3. any office held by them in the organisation;
          
          
    2. for each former charity trustee - for at least 6 years from the date on which they ceased to be a charity trustee:
       
       
       1. the name of the charity trustee;
          
          
       2. any office held by them in the organisation; and
          
          
       3. the date on which they ceased to be a charity trustee.
          
          
73. The board must ensure that the register of charity trustees is updated within 28 days of any change:-
    
    
    1. which arises from a resolution of the board or a resolution passed bythe members of the organisation; or
       
       
    2. which is notified to the organisation.
       
       
74. If any person requests a copy of the register of charity trustees, the board must ensure that a copy is supplied to them within 28 days, providing the request is reasonable; if the request is made by a person who is not a charity trustee of the organisation, the board may provide a copy which has the addresses blanked out - if the SCIO is satisfied that including that information is likely to jeopardise the safety or security of any person or premises.

Office-bearers 

75. The charity trustees must elect (from among themselves) a chair, a treasurer and a secretary.
    
    
76. In addition to the office-bearers required under clause 75, the charity trustees may elect (from among themselves) further office-bearers if they consider that appropriate.
    
    
77. All of the office-bearers will cease to hold office at the conclusion of each AGM, but may then be re-elected under clause 75 or 76.
    
    
78. A person elected to any office will automatically cease to hold that office: -
    
    
    1. if they cease to be a charity trustee; or
       
       
    2. if they give to the organisation a notice of resignation from that office, signed by them.

Powers of board

79. Except where this constitution states otherwise, the organisation (and its assets and operations) will be overseen by the board.
    
    
80. A meeting of the board at which a quorum is present may exercise all powers exercisable by the board.
    
    
81. The members may, by way of a resolution passed in compliance with clause 49 (requirement for two-thirds majority), direct the board to take any particular step or direct the board not to take any particular step; and the board shall give effect to any such direction accordingly.

Charity trustees - general duties

82. Each of the charity trustees has a duty, in exercising functions as a charity trustee, to act in the interests of the organisation; and, in particular, must:-
    
    
    1. seek, in good faith, to ensure that the organisation acts in a manner which is in accordance with its purposes;
       
       
    2. act with the care and diligence which it is reasonable to expect of a person who is managing the affairs of another person;
       
       
    3. in circumstances giving rise to the possibility of a conflict of interest between the organisation and any other party:
       
       
       1. put the interests of the organisation before that of the other party; or
          
          
       2. where any other duty prevents them from doing so, disclose the conflicting interest to the organisation and refrain from participating in any deliberation or decision of the other charity trustees with regard to the matter in question;
          
          
    4. ensure that the organisation complies with any direction, requirement, notice or duty imposed under or by virtue of the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005.
       
       
83. In addition to the duties outlined in clause 82, all of the charity trustees must take such steps as are reasonably practicable for the purpose of ensuring: -
    
    
    1. that any breach of any of those duties by a charity trustee is corrected by the charity trustee concerned and not repeated; and
       
       
    2. that any trustee who has been in serious or persistent breach of those duties is removed as a trustee.
       
       
84. Provided they have declared their interest - and have not voted on the question of whether or not the organisation should enter into the arrangement - a charity trustee will not be debarred from entering into an arrangement with the organisation in which they have a personal interest; and (subject to clause 85 and to the provisions relating to remuneration for services contained in the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005), they may retain any personal benefit which arises from that arrangement.
    
    
85. No charity trustee may serve as an employee (full time or part time) of the organisation; and no charity trustee may be given any remuneration by the organisation for carrying out their duties as a charity trustee.
    
    
86. The charity trustees may be paid all travelling and other expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with carrying out their duties; this may include expenses relating to their attendance at meetings.  Code of conduct for charity trustees.

Code of conduct for charity trustees 

87. Each of the charity trustees shall comply with the code of conduct (incorporating detailed rules on conflict of interest) prescribed by the board from time to time.
    
    
88. The code of conduct referred to in clause 87 shall be supplemental to the provisions relating to the conduct of charity trustees contained in this constitution and the duties imposed on charity trustees under the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005; and all relevant provisions of this constitution shall be interpreted and applied in accordance with the provisions of the code of conduct in force from time to time.

DECISION-MAKING BY THE CHARITY TRUSTEES

Notice of board meetings 

89. Any charity trustee may call a meeting of the board or ask the secretary to call a meeting of the board.
    
    
90. At least 7 days' notice must be given of each board meeting, unless (in the opinion of the person calling the meeting) there is a degree of urgency which makes that inappropriate.
    
    
91. If charity trustees are to be permitted to participate in a board meeting by way of audio and/or audio-visual link(s), the charity trustees must, in advance of the meeting, be provided with details of how to connect and participate via that link or links; and (particularly for the benefit of those charity trustees who may have difficulties in using a computer or laptop for this purpose) the charity trustees' attention should be drawn to the following options:
    
    
    1. participating in the meeting via an audio link accessed by phone,using dial-in details (if that forms part of the arrangements);
       
       
    2. (where attendance in person is to be permitted, either on an open basis or subject to a restriction on the total number who will be permitted to attend) the ability to attend the meeting in person.

Procedure at board meetings

92. No valid decisions can be taken at a board meeting unless a quorum is present; the quorum for board meetings is 3 charity trustees, present in person.
    
    
93. An individual participating in a board meeting via an audio or audio-visual link which allows them to hear and contribute to discussions at the meeting will be deemed to be present in person (or, if they are not a charity trustee, will be deemed to be in attendance) at the meeting.
    
    
94. If at any time the number of charity trustees in office falls below the number stated as the quorum in clause 92, the remaining charity trustee(s) will have power to fill the vacancies or call a members' meeting - but will not be able to take any other valid decisions.
    
    
95. The chair of the organisation should act as chair of each board meeting.
    
    
96. If the chair is not present within 15 minutes after the time at which the meeting was due to start (or is not willing to act as chair), the charity trustees present at the meeting must elect (from among themselves) the person who will act as chair of that meeting.
    
    
97. Every charity trustee has one vote, which must be given personally (subject to clause 103).
    
    
98. All decisions at board meetings will be made by majority vote.
    
    
99. If there is an equal number of votes for and against any resolution, the chair of the meeting will be entitled to a second (casting) vote.
    
    
100. The board may if it considers appropriate (and must, if this is required under article 101), allow charity trustees to participate in board meetings by way of an audio and/or audio-visual link or links which allow them to hear and contribute to discussions at the meeting, providing:
     
     
     1. the means by which charity trustees can participate via that link or links are not subject to technical complexities, significant costs or other factors which are likely to represent - for all, or a significant proportion, of the charity trustees - a barrier to participation; and
        
        
     2. the manner in which the meeting is conducted ensures, so far as reasonably possible, that those charity trustees who participate via an audio or audio-visual link are not disadvantaged with regard to their ability to contribute to discussions at the meeting, as compared with those charity trustees (if any) who are attending in person (and vice versa).
        
        
101. If restrictions arising from public health legislation, directions or guidance are likely to mean that attendance in person at a proposed board meeting would not be possible or advisable for one or more of the charity trustees, the board must make arrangements for charity trustees to participate in that board meeting by way of audio and/or audio-visual link(s); and on the basis that:
     
     
     1. the requirements set out in paragraphs (a) and (b) of clause 100 will apply; and
        
        
     2. the board must use all reasonable endeavours to ensure that all charity trustees have access to one or more means by which they may hear and contribute to discussions at the meeting.
        
        
102. A board meeting may involve two or more charity trustees participating via attendance in person while other charity trustees participate via audio and/or audio-visual links; or it may involve participation solely via audio and/or audio-visual links.
     
     
103. Where a charity trustee or charity trustees are participating in a board meeting via an audio or audio-visual link, they may cast their vote on any resolution orally, or by way of some form of visual indication, or by use of a voting button or similar, or by way of a message sent electronically.
     
     
104. The board may, at its discretion, allow any person to attend (whether in person or by way of an audio or audio-visual link) and speak at a board meeting notwithstanding that they are not a charity trustee - but on the basis that they must not participate in decision-making.
     
     
105. A charity trustee must not vote at a board meeting (or at a meeting of a subcommittee) on any resolution which relates to a matter in which they have a personal interest or duty which conflicts (or may conflict) with the interests of the organisation; they must withdraw from the meeting while an item of that nature is being dealt with.
     
     
106. For the purposes of clause 105: -
     
     
     1. an interest held by an individual who is “connected” with the charity trustee under section 68(2) of the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005 (husband/wife, partner, child, parent, brother/sister etc) shall be deemed to be held by that charity trustee;
        
        
     2. a charity trustee will be deemed to have a personal interest in relation to a particular matter if a body in relation to which they are an employee, director, member of the management committee, officer or elected representative has an interest in that matter.
        
        
107. The principles set out in clause 55 (technical objections to remote participation) shall apply in relation to remote participation and voting at board meetings, as if each reference in that clause to a member were a reference to a charity trustee and each reference in that clause to a members’ meeting were a reference to a board meeting.
     
     
108. A resolution agreed to in writing (or by e-mail) by a majority of the charity trustees then in office shall (subject to clauses 109 and 110) be as valid as if duly passed at a board meeting.
     
     
109. A resolution under clause 108 shall not be valid unless a copy of the resolution was circulated to all of the charity trustees, along with a cut-off time (which must be reasonable in the circumstances) for notifications under clause 110.
     
     
110. If a resolution is circulated to the charity trustees under clause 109, any one or more charity trustees may, following receipt of a copy of the resolution, notify the secretary that they consider that a board meeting should be held to discuss the matter which is the subject of the resolution; and if any such notification is received by the secretary prior to the cut-off time:
     
     
     1. the secretary must convene a board meeting accordingly, and on the basis that it will take place as soon as reasonably possible;
        
        
     2. the resolution cannot be treated as valid under clause 108 unless and until that board meeting has taken place;
        
        
     3. the board may (if they consider appropriate, on the basis of the discussions at the meeting) resolve at that board meeting that the resolution should be treated as invalid, notwithstanding that it had previously been agreed to in writing (or by e-mail) by a majority of the charity trustees then in office.

Minutes

111. The board must ensure that proper minutes are kept in relation to all board meetings and meetings of the Management Committee.
     
     
112. The minutes to be kept under clause 111 must include the names of those present; and (so far as possible) should be signed by the chair of the meeting.

ADMINISTRATION

Delegation to Management Committee

113. The board may delegate any of its powers to the Management Committee; the Management Committee must include at least 3 charity trustees, but other members of the Management Committee need not be charity trustees. One of the trustees will chair the Management Committee.
     
     
114. The board may also delegate to the chair of the organisation (or the holder of any other post) such of its powers as it may consider appropriate.
     
     
115. When delegating powers under clause 113 or 114, the board must set out appropriate conditions (which must include an obligation to report regularly to the board).
     
     
116. Any delegation of powers under clause 113 or 114 may be revoked or altered by the board at any time.
     
     
117. The rules of procedure for the Management Committee, and the provisions relating to membership of the Management Committee, shall be set by the board.

Operation of accounts

118. Subject to clause 119, the signatures of two out of three signatories appointed by the board will be required in relation to all operations (other than the lodging of funds) on the bank and building society accounts held by the organisation; at least one out of the two signatures must be the signature of a charity trustee.
     
     
119. Where the organisation uses electronic facilities for the operation of any bank or building society account, the authorisations required for operations on that account must be consistent with the approach reflected in clause 118.

Accounting records and annual accounts

120. The board must ensure that proper accounting records are kept, in accordance with all applicable statutory requirements.
     
     
121. The board must prepare annual accounts, complying with all relevant statutory requirements; if an audit is required under any statutory provisions (or if the board consider that an audit would be appropriate for some other reason), the board should ensure that an audit of the accounts is carried out by a qualified auditor.

MISCELLANEOUS

Winding-up

122. If the organisation is to be wound up or dissolved, the winding-up or dissolution process will be carried out in accordance with the procedures set out under the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005.
     
     
123. Any surplus assets available to the organisation immediately preceding its winding up or dissolution must be used forpurposes which are the same as - or which closely resemble - the purposes of the organisation as set out in this constitution.

Alterations to the constitution

124. This constitution may (subject to clause 125) be altered by resolution of the members passed at a members’ meeting (subject to achieving the two thirds majority referred to in clause 49) or by way of a written resolution of the members.
     
     
125. The Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005 prohibits taking certain steps (eg change of name, an alteration to the purposes, amalgamation, winding-up) without the consent of the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR).

Interpretation

126. References in this constitution to the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005 should be taken to include:-
     
     
     1. any statutory provision which adds to, modifies or replaces that Act; and
        
        
     2. any statutory instrument issued in pursuance of that Act or in pursuance of any statutory provision falling under paragraph (a) above.
        
        
127. In this constitution: -
     
     
     1. “charity” means a body which is either a “Scottish charity” within the meaning of section 13 of the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005 or a “charity” within the meaning of section 1 of the Charities Act 2011, providing (in either case) that its objects are limited to charitable purposes;
        
        
     2. “charitable purpose” means a charitable purpose under section 7 of the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005 which is also regarded as a charitable purpose in relation to the application of the Taxes Acts